STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF PAIN MANAGEMENT AND DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN POSTOPERATIVE ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY PATIENTS
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Paspula Soumya
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
paspulasoumya07@gmail.com
- Misbah Begum Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Farheen Fatima Pharm. D Intern, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Kuppireddy Asritha Pharm. D V yr, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
- Pasham Vaishnavi Pharm. D V yr, Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy, (Palamuru University), Seshadri Nagar, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.
Abstract
Postoperative pain following orthopedic surgery is often severe and inadequately controlled, leading to delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization, and increased morbidity. Rational analgesic prescribing and drug utilization evaluation are essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and ensure effective pain control. The intensity and severity of postoperative pain vary depending on patient-related and procedural factors. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a widely used standardized tool for assessing pain intensity, where patients rate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the worst imaginable pain. This tool provides a simple and reliable method for evaluating pain severity and guiding analgesic therapy. The study aimed to assess the intensity and pattern of postoperative pain among orthopedic surgery patients using standardized pain scales, to identify commonly prescribed analgesics and associated medications used in postoperative pain management, and to evaluate the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to analgesic therapy.
Keywords:
Postoperative pain, orthopedic surgery, drug utilization, multimodal analgesia, Numeric Rating Scale, analgesic therapy
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References
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2. Gan TJ. Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention. J Pain Res. 2017;10:2287-2298.
3. Choudhury DK, Bezbaruah BK. Prescribing pattern of analgesics in orthopedic in-patient department at tertiary care hospital in Guwahati, Assam, Northeast India. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2016;5(3):610-614.
4. Joshi S, Shetty Y, Panchal R, Patankar P, Salgaonkar S, Rawat R, et al. An observational study to evaluate the prescription pattern of analgesics used in the perioperative period in a tertiary care hospital. Perspect Clin Res. 2021;12(3):165-170.
5. Jayawardana S, et al. Global consumption of prescription opioid analgesics 2009–2019: a country-level observational study. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;42:101198.
6. Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131-157.
7. Paladini A, Rawal N, Coca Martinez M, Trifa M, Montero A, Pergolizzi JV, et al. Advances in the management of acute postsurgical pain: a review. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e42974.
8. Bose JN, Rajavel K, Munusamy R, Ramesh P. Postoperative pain control in orthopedic surgery: a randomized trial comparing regional anesthesia and systemic opioids. Bioinformation. 2024;20(12):1931-1934.
9. Xu J, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhao J, Li H, Ye H, et al. Comprehensive review on personalized pain assessment and multimodal interventions for postoperative recovery optimization. J Pain Res. 2025.
10. Alqaisi OM, Al-Ghabeesh S. Quality of postoperative pain management in orthopedic patients and its impact on sleep quality and patient satisfaction: an integrative review. Cureus. 2024;16:e65872.
11. Cheung CK, Adeola JO, Beutler SS, Urman RD. Postoperative pain management in enhanced recovery pathways. J Pain Res. 2022;15:1-12.
12. Nugent SM, Lovejoy TI, Shull S, Dobscha SK, et al. Numeric Rating Scale for pain assessment: clinical applications and validation. Pain Med. 2021.
13. van Dijk JFM, van Wijck AJM, Schuurmans MJ, et al. Postoperative pain assessment based on numeric ratings is not the same for patients and professionals: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49(1):65-71.
14. GBD 2019 Fracture Collaborators. Global burden of fractures and musculoskeletal injuries: updated analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(9):e580-e592.
15. Veronese N, Maggi S. Epidemiology and prevention of fall-related fractures in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(6):1231-1240.
16. Rupp M, Biehl C, Budak M, et al. Epidemiology of fractures in adults: recent global trends. Injury. 2021;52(5):1045-1052.
17. Virmani A, Roy V, Meshram GG, Sural S. Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in orthopedic implant surgeries: current perspectives. Indian J Orthop. 2024;58(2):210-218.
18. Paul RW, Szukics PF, Brutico J, et al. Postoperative multimodal pain management and opioid consumption: a systematic review. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2022;4(3):e957-e968.
19. Aldanyowi SN. Advances in postoperative pain management strategies following orthopedic surgery. Life. 2023;13(12):2351.
20. Ahmed H, Mazhar F, Gilani A, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis and antimicrobial stewardship in orthopedic surgery. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e52214.
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Paspula, S., Begum, M., Fatima, F., Asritha, K., & Pasham, V. (2026). STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF PAIN MANAGEMENT AND DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN POSTOPERATIVE ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY PATIENTS. Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 6(2), 1-9. Retrieved from https://www.ajhponline.com/index.php/journal/article/view/139
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