A review paper on anganwadi workers knowledge on maternal nutrition
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Sneha Srivastava
Research Scholar, Department of Family & Community Sciences University of Allahabad, Prayagraj
snehasrivastava089@gmail.com
- Dr. Ritu K. Sureka Assistant Professor, Department of Family & Community Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj
Abstract
The present study reviews the Maternal Nutrition knowledge of health care providers (ANMs and ASHAs) of Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Community Health Centers (CHCs) and attempts to find out the existing gaps in their knowledge level related to maternal nutrition as well as discusses strategies to bridge those gaps. Good nutrition is the core pillar for human development and its necessity varies with respect to age, gender and during physiological changes such as pregnancy which is a critical phase in a woman's life when the expectant mother needs optimal nutrients to support the developing fetus. Awareness about appropriate nutrition during pregnancy is a serious concern and lack of it may lead to child morbidity and mortality. Therefore it is imperative to address this issue properly in various government policies and schemes. ICDS scheme initiated by Government of India is a major step in this regard which provides nutrition and health education, supplementary nutrition, family planning tips etc. to the pregnant women. The Anganwadi workers are the basic functionaries of the ICDS scheme and their services (providing counseling, supplementary nutrition, distribution of Iron & Folic acid tablets) are transmitted to the beneficiaries through a channel of Anganwadi centers (AWCs). Keeping the above background in mind relevant literature such as journals, newspapers, articles, research papers from Scopus, Pub Med, research gate, and Google scholar related to national and state policies pertinent to maternal nutrition were reviewed to find out the existing gaps in the knowledge level of health care providers. It is concluded from the study that maternal nutritional needs have to be prioritized in government health programmes and strategies to improve the status of expectant mothers need to be implemented to address nutritional challenges. Government schemes can be strengthened by promoting integration of services, ensuring effective procurement mechanisms for supplementary nutrition and food supplements, establishing regional training facilities and strengthening program monitoring and evaluation.
Keywords:
Maternal nutrition, Anganwadi Workers, Pregnancy, Knowledge, Education, Pre- natal care, Anganwadi centers
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References
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23. Ilmonen, J., Isolauri, E., &Laitinen, K. (2012). Nutrition education and counselling practices in mother and child health clinics: study amongst nurses. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(19pt20), 2985-2994.
24. Bhatnagar, C., &Bhadra, S. (2015). Study of Service Provisions of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Views of Mothers about Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. International Journal of Arts, Humanities, and Management Studies, 1(8), 10-25.
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28. Desai, G., Pandit, N., & Sharma, D. (2012). Changing role of Anganwadi workers, A study conducted in Vadodara district. Healthline, 3(1), 41-44.
29. Harkin, N., Johnston, E., Mathews, T., Guo, Y., Schwartzbard, A., Berger, J., &Gianos, E. (2019). Physicians’ dietary knowledge, attitudes, and counseling practices: the experience of a single health care center at changing the landscape for dietary education. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(3), 292-300.
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32. Ramakrishnan, U., Lowe, A., Vir, S., Kumar, S., Mohanraj, R., Chaturvedi, A., ... & Mason, J. B. (2012). Public health interventions, barriers, and opportunities for improving maternal nutrition in India. Food and nutrition bulletin, 33(2_suppl1), S71-S92.
33. Bizuneh, A. D., & Azeze, G. G. (2022). Knowledge on anaemia and benefit of iron–folic acid supplementation among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Woldia town, Northeastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 41(1), 1-8.
34. Kamau, M., Mirie, W., Kimani, S., & Mugoya, I. (2019). Effect of community based health education on knowledge and attitude towards iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: A quasi experimental study. PloS one, 14(11), e0224361.
35. Kurian, K., Lakiang, T., Sinha, R. K., Kathuria, N., Krishnan, P., Mehra, D., ... & Sharma, S. (2021). Scoping review of intervention strategies for improving coverage and uptake of maternal nutrition services in Southeast Asia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13292.
36. Jose, M. J., Johnson, A. R., Thomas, A., Mendez, D., & Sebastian, C. (2019). Barriers to utilization of anganwadi services by pregnant women and lactating mothers: a hospital based cross sectional study in rural South Karnataka. Int J Community Med Public Health, 6, 2634-9.
37. Blondin, J. H., & LoGiudice, J. A. (2018). Pregnant women's knowledge and awareness of nutrition. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 167-174.
38. Abdollahi, M., Houshiarrad, A., Abtahi, M., Esmaeli, M., Pouraram, H., Khoshfetrat, M. R., ...&Keshel, S. H. (2013). The nutrition knowledge level of physicians, nurses and nutritionists in some educational hospitals. Archives of Advances in Biosciences, 4.
2. Lowensohn, R. I., Stadler, D. D., &Naze, C. (2016).Current concepts of maternal nutrition. Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 71(7), 413.
3. Dudala, S. R., Ponna, S. N., Upadrasta, V. P., Bathina, H., Sadasivuni, R., Geddam, J. B., &Kapu, A. K. R. (2021). Assessment of gaps of knowledge and practices of frontline community workers in ChandragiriMandal, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh: maternal and child health services. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 8(3), 1299.
4. Sharma, B., & Jain, S. (2014). Assessment of nutritional knowledge of anganwadi workers. Asian Resonance, 3(4), 221-25.
5. Agrawal, P. K., Agrawal, S., Ahmed, S., Darmstadt, G. L., Williams, E. K., Rosen, H. E., ...&Baqui, A. H. (2012). Effect of knowledge of community health workers on essential newborn health care: a study from rural India. Health policy and planning, 27(2), 115-126.
6. Mekhoa, T. M., Mooi, N. M., &Baloyi, O. B. (2022).Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses regarding maternal nutrition in pregnant women at a large hospital and filter clinics, Lesotho. Health SA Gesondheid (Online), 27, 1-9.
7. Nankumbi, J., Ngabirano, T. D., &Nalwadda, G. (2018). Maternal nutrition education provided by midwives: a qualitative study in an antenatal clinic, Uganda. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2018.
8. Mulliner, C. M., Spiby, H., & Fraser, R. (1995).A study exploring midwives' education in, knowledge of and attitudes to nutrition in pregnancy. Midwifery, 11(1), 37-41.
9. BahriKhomami, M., Walker, R., Kilpatrick, M., de Jersey, S., Skouteris, H., & Moran, L. J. (2021).The role of midwives and obstetrical nurses in the promotion of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Therapeutic advances in reproductive health, 15, 26334941211031866.
10. Arrish, J., Yeatman, H., & Williamson, M. (2014). Midwives and nutrition education during pregnancy: A literature review. Women and Birth, 27(1), 2-8.
11. Thakur1st, K., Chauhan2nd, H. S., Gupta3rd, N. L., Thakur4th, P., & Malla5th, D. (2015). A Study to Assess the Knowledge & Practices of Anganwadi Workers & Availability of Infrastructure in ICDS Program, at District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh.
12. Baliga, S. S., &Walvekar, P. R. (2017). A study on knowledge of anganwadi workers about integrated child development services at three urban health centers. Int J Community Med Public Health, 4(9), 3283-7.
13. Patil, S. B., &Doibale, M. K. (2013). Study of profile, knowledge and problems of Anganwadi workers in ICDS blocks: A cross sectional study. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 12(2 (1)).
14. Joshi, K. (2018). Knowledge of Anganwadi workers and their problems in Rural ICDS block. IP Journal of Paediatrics and Nursing Science, 1(1), 8-14.
15. Parmar, M., Patel, S., Rathod, S., Patel, N., &Ninama, K. (2015). Knowledge of anganwadi worker about integrated child development services (ICDS): A study of urban blocks in Ahmedabad district of Gujarat. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev, 2, 170-4.
16. Al-Ateeq, M. A., & Al-Rusaiess, A. A. (2015). Health education during antenatal care: the need for more. International journal of women's health, 7, 239.
17. Bjerrum, M., Tewes, M., & Pedersen, P. (2012).Nurses’ self‐reported knowledge about and attitude to nutrition–before and after a training programme. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 26(1), 81-89.
18. Kim, H., &Choue, R. (2009).Nurses' positive attitudes to nutritional management but limited knowledge of nutritional assessment in Korea. International Nursing Review, 56(3), 333-339.
19. Zelalem, T., Mikyas, A., &Erdaw, T. (2018). Nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices among pregnant women who attend antenatal care at public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 10(7), 81-89.
20. McCann, M. T., Newson, L., Burden, C., Rooney, J. S., Charnley, M. S., &Abayomi, J. C. (2018). A qualitative study exploring midwives' perceptions and knowledge of maternal obesity: Reflecting son their experiences of providing healthy eating and weight management advice to pregnant women. Maternal & child nutrition, 14(2), e12520.
21. Wilkinson, S. A., Poad, D., & Stapleton, H. (2013). Maternal overweight and obesity: a survey of clinicians’ characteristics and attitudes, and their responses to their pregnant clients. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13(1), 1-8.
22. Malik, A., Bhilwar, M., Rustagi, N., &Taneja, D. K. (2015). An assessment of facilities and services at Anganwadi centers under the integrated child development service scheme in Northeast District of Delhi, India. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 27(3), 201-206.
23. Ilmonen, J., Isolauri, E., &Laitinen, K. (2012). Nutrition education and counselling practices in mother and child health clinics: study amongst nurses. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(19pt20), 2985-2994.
24. Bhatnagar, C., &Bhadra, S. (2015). Study of Service Provisions of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Views of Mothers about Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. International Journal of Arts, Humanities, and Management Studies, 1(8), 10-25.
25. Lee, A., Newton, M., Radcliffe, J., &Belski, R. (2018). Pregnancy nutrition knowledge and experiences of pregnant women and antenatal care clinicians: A mixed methods approach. Women and Birth, 31(4), 269-277.
26. Sitot, A., &Workye, H. (2022). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards ante natal exercise among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Health centers of Mekelle, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2020. Plos one, 17(8), e0262805.
27. Nimmagadda, S., Gopalakrishnan, L., Avula, R., Dhar, D., Diamond-Smith, N., Fernald, L., ...& Walker, D. (2019). Effects of anmHealth intervention for community health workers on maternal and child nutrition and health service delivery in India: protocol for a quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation. BMJ open, 9(3), e025774.
28. Desai, G., Pandit, N., & Sharma, D. (2012). Changing role of Anganwadi workers, A study conducted in Vadodara district. Healthline, 3(1), 41-44.
29. Harkin, N., Johnston, E., Mathews, T., Guo, Y., Schwartzbard, A., Berger, J., &Gianos, E. (2019). Physicians’ dietary knowledge, attitudes, and counseling practices: the experience of a single health care center at changing the landscape for dietary education. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(3), 292-300.
30. Dang, T. M., & Maggio, L. A. (2017). Supporting the call to action: a review of nutrition educational interventions in the health professions literature and MedEdPORTAL. Academic Medicine, 92(3), 403-416.
31. blog.forumias.com 12, 2020
32. Ramakrishnan, U., Lowe, A., Vir, S., Kumar, S., Mohanraj, R., Chaturvedi, A., ... & Mason, J. B. (2012). Public health interventions, barriers, and opportunities for improving maternal nutrition in India. Food and nutrition bulletin, 33(2_suppl1), S71-S92.
33. Bizuneh, A. D., & Azeze, G. G. (2022). Knowledge on anaemia and benefit of iron–folic acid supplementation among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Woldia town, Northeastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 41(1), 1-8.
34. Kamau, M., Mirie, W., Kimani, S., & Mugoya, I. (2019). Effect of community based health education on knowledge and attitude towards iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: A quasi experimental study. PloS one, 14(11), e0224361.
35. Kurian, K., Lakiang, T., Sinha, R. K., Kathuria, N., Krishnan, P., Mehra, D., ... & Sharma, S. (2021). Scoping review of intervention strategies for improving coverage and uptake of maternal nutrition services in Southeast Asia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13292.
36. Jose, M. J., Johnson, A. R., Thomas, A., Mendez, D., & Sebastian, C. (2019). Barriers to utilization of anganwadi services by pregnant women and lactating mothers: a hospital based cross sectional study in rural South Karnataka. Int J Community Med Public Health, 6, 2634-9.
37. Blondin, J. H., & LoGiudice, J. A. (2018). Pregnant women's knowledge and awareness of nutrition. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 167-174.
38. Abdollahi, M., Houshiarrad, A., Abtahi, M., Esmaeli, M., Pouraram, H., Khoshfetrat, M. R., ...&Keshel, S. H. (2013). The nutrition knowledge level of physicians, nurses and nutritionists in some educational hospitals. Archives of Advances in Biosciences, 4.
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Srivastava, S., & Sureka, R. K. (2023). A review paper on anganwadi workers knowledge on maternal nutrition. Asian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 3(3), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.38022/ajhp.v3i3.75
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